An Overview of the Present Tense:
The present verb form usually indicates an action that takes place in the present (je regarde la télé). However, it can also describe actions that are generally true (j'adore les chiens) and can even be used for events that have not yet happened (e.g.: j'arrive demain).
To master writing verbs in the present tense, you need to learn the correct verb endings. In French, a verb’s ending varies according to two main factors: a) the subject (e.g. je in je parle) and b) the kind of infinitive (-er, -re, -ir). Let’s examine the different kinds of verbs (in the infinitive), and their corresponding endings for the different kinds of subjects. The relevant verb categories are:
- -er verbs, like parler, aimer, etc.
- -re verbs like prendre, vendre, etc.
- -ir verbs like partir, venir, etc.
- vouloir, pouvoir.
- irregular verbs, like être, avoir, faire and aller.
Let’s look at how each of these works in the present tense for different kinds of subjects (the other tenses are much more straightforward).
1. -er verbs, like parler, manger, etc.
The following table shows the endings for -er verbs, e.g.: parler:
subject |
ending |
example |
je |
-e |
je parle |
tu |
-es |
tu parles |
il, elle, on |
-e |
elle parle |
nous |
-ons |
nous parlons |
vous |
-ez |
vous parlez |
ils, elles |
-ent |
ils parlent |
Note that the nous form of verbs ending in -ger is -eons, e.g.: nous mangeons.
Points to keep in mind for -er verbs in the present tense:
* Je verb forms always ends in -e (NEVER in -es).
* Tu verb forms always ends in -es (NEVER in just -e).
* Il, Elle, and On, always end in -e (NEVER in -es).
* Nous always ends in -ons.
* Vous always ends in -ez.
* Ils and Elles always end in -ent. (or -ont)
*the root (to which you attach the endings) is simply the infinitive, minus the -er ending, e.g.: the root of parler is parl-
Conjugate parler
2. -re verbs like vendre, rendre, prendre, etc.
The following table shows the endings for -re verbs, e.g.: vendre:
subject |
ending |
example |
je |
-s |
je vends |
tu |
-s |
tu vends |
il, elle, on |
-d, -t |
elle vend, on peint |
nous |
-ons |
nous vendons |
vous |
-ez |
vous vendez |
ils, elles |
-ent |
ils vendent |
Points to keep in mind for -re verbs in the present tense:
*Both je and tu forms end in -s (unlike what we saw with -er verbs).
*Il, elle, on and singular noun subjects usually end in -d, but there are some verbs ending in -eindre (like atteindre and peindre) that have a -t ending.
*the root form tends to be based on the infinitive, minus the -re ending, e.g.: the root of rendre is rend-. Still, there are some common verbs whose root is slightly modified for the nous, vous and ils/elles forms (e.g.: nous prenons, ils prennent).
Conjugate prendre
3. -ir verbs like sortir, partir, venir, etc.
The following table shows the endings for -ir verbs, e.g.: sortir:
subject |
ending |
example |
je |
-s |
je sors |
tu |
-s |
tu sors |
il, elle, on |
-t |
elle sort |
nous |
-ons |
nous sortons |
vous |
-ez |
vous sortez |
ils, elles |
-ent |
ils sortent |
Points to keep in mind for -ir verbs in the present tense:
*Both je and tu forms end in -s (unlike what we saw with -er verbs and similar to -re verbs).
*Il, elle and on forms always end in -t.
*The root form tends to be based on the infinitive, minus the -ir ending, e.g.: part-. There are some common verbs whose root is slightly modified for the nous, vous and ils/elles forms (e.g.: nous finissons, elles finissent); in other cases, it is the singular forms that use a slightly different root, as in the case of venir (je viens).
Conjugate venir
4. The case of vouloir, pouvoir.
The conjugations for these two common verbs are illustrated in the following table (using vouloir as an example):
subject |
ending |
example |
je |
-x |
je veux |
tu |
-x |
tu veux |
il, elle, on |
-t |
elle veut |
nous |
-ons |
nous voulons |
vous |
-ez |
vous voulez |
ils, elles |
-ent |
ils veulent |
Points to keep in mind for vouloir and pouvoir in the present tense:
*both the je and the tu forms end in -x
*the stem changes to veu- for most forms (e.g: tu veux)
Conjugate pouvoir
5. Irregular verbs, like être, avoir, faire and aller.
Some of the most frequent verbs in French are also the most irregular in the sense that they don't follow a predictable pattern. Still, since they are highly frequent, you must learn them. The most common ones are: être, avoir, aller, faire, savoir. The conjugation of these verbs is provided in the following tables:
subject |
être |
example |
je |
suis |
Je suis content |
tu |
es |
Tu es content |
il, elle, on |
est |
Elle est contente |
nous |
sommes |
Nous sommes contents |
vous |
êtes |
Vous êtes contents |
ils, elles |
sont |
Ils sont contents |
subject |
avoir |
example |
je |
ai |
J'ai deux soeurs |
tu |
as |
Tu as deux soeurs |
il, elle, on |
a |
Elle a deux soeurs |
nous |
avons |
Nous avons deux soeurs |
vous |
avez |
Vous avez deux soeurs |
ils, elles |
ont |
Ils ont deux soeurs |
subject |
aller |
example |
je |
vais |
Je vais en France |
tu |
vas |
Tu vas en France |
il, elle, on |
va |
Elle va en France |
nous |
allons |
Nous allons en France |
vous |
allez |
Vous allez en France |
ils, elles |
vont |
Ils vont en France |
subject |
faire |
example |
je |
fais |
Je fais des progrès |
tu |
fais |
Tu fais des progrès |
il, elle, on |
fait |
Elle fait des progrès |
nous |
faisons |
Nous faisons des progrès |
vous |
faites |
Vous faites des progrès |
ils, elles |
font |
Ils font des progrès |
subject |
savoir |
example |
je |
sais |
Je sais qu'il vient |
tu |
sais |
Tu sais qu'il vient |
il, elle, on |
sais |
Elle sait qu'il vient |
nous |
savons |
Nous savons qu'il vient |
vous |
savez |
Vous savez qu'il vient |
ils, elles |
savent |
Ils savent qu'il vient |
Conjugate aller
Conjugate avoir
Conjugate être
Conjugate savoir
Conjugate faire
You need to familiarize yourself with these by using the verb conjugator and doing the exercises below.
Points to keep in mind when using irregular verbs:
*the je and tu endings for irregular verbs is usually -s, e.g.: je suis, tu es, je fais, tu fais, je vais, tu vas (avoir is an exception since the je form is j'ai).
* the il, elle and on ending is usually -t, e.g.: il est, elle sait, on fait (both avoir and aller are exceptional since they are a and va).